LeetCode-in-All

49. Group Anagrams

Medium

Given an array of strings strs, group the anagrams together. You can return the answer in any order.

An Anagram is a word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of a different word or phrase, typically using all the original letters exactly once.

Example 1:

Input: strs = [“eat”,”tea”,”tan”,”ate”,”nat”,”bat”]

Output: [[“bat”],[“nat”,”tan”],[“ate”,”eat”,”tea”]]

Example 2:

Input: strs = [””]

Output: [[””]]

Example 3:

Input: strs = [“a”]

Output: [[“a”]]

Constraints:

• 1 <= strs.length <= 104
• 0 <= strs[i].length <= 100
• strs[i] consists of lowercase English letters.

To solve the “Group Anagrams” problem in Java with the Solution class, follow these steps:

1. Define a method groupAnagrams in the Solution class that takes an array of strings strs as input and returns a list of lists of strings.
2. Initialize an empty HashMap to store the groups of anagrams. The key will be the sorted string, and the value will be a list of strings.
3. Iterate through each string str in the input array strs.
4. Sort the characters of the current string str to create a key for the HashMap.
5. Check if the sorted string exists as a key in the HashMap:
   • If it does, add the original string str to the corresponding list of strings.
   • If it doesn’t, create a new entry in the HashMap with the sorted string as the key and a new list containing str as the value.
6. After iterating through all strings, return the values of the HashMap as the result.

Here’s the implementation of the groupAnagrams method in Java:

import java.util.*;

class Solution {
    public List<List<String>> groupAnagrams(String[] strs) {
        // Initialize a HashMap to store the groups of anagrams
        Map<String, List<String>> anagramGroups = new HashMap<>();
        
        // Iterate through each string in the input array
        for (String str : strs) {
            // Sort the characters of the current string
            char[] chars = str.toCharArray();
            Arrays.sort(chars);
            String sortedStr = new String(chars);
            
            // Check if the sorted string exists as a key in the HashMap
            if (anagramGroups.containsKey(sortedStr)) {
                // If it does, add the original string to the corresponding list
                anagramGroups.get(sortedStr).add(str);
            } else {
                // If it doesn't, create a new entry in the HashMap
                List<String> group = new ArrayList<>();
                group.add(str);
                anagramGroups.put(sortedStr, group);
            }
        }
        
        // Return the values of the HashMap as the result
        return new ArrayList<>(anagramGroups.values());
    }
}

This implementation ensures that all anagrams are grouped together efficiently using a HashMap.

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