LeetCode-in-All

17. Letter Combinations of a Phone Number

Medium

Given a string containing digits from 2-9 inclusive, return all possible letter combinations that the number could represent. Return the answer in any order.

A mapping of digit to letters (just like on the telephone buttons) is given below. Note that 1 does not map to any letters.

Example 1:

Input: digits = “23”

Output: [“ad”,”ae”,”af”,”bd”,”be”,”bf”,”cd”,”ce”,”cf”]

Example 2:

Input: digits = “”

Output: []

Example 3:

Input: digits = “2”

Output: [“a”,”b”,”c”]

Constraints:

• 0 <= digits.length <= 4
• digits[i] is a digit in the range ['2', '9'].

To solve the Letter Combinations of a Phone Number problem in Java using a Solution class, we’ll follow these steps:

1. Define a Solution class with a method named letterCombinations that takes a string digits as input and returns a list of all possible letter combinations.
2. Create a mapping of digits to letters using a hashmap or an array.
3. Initialize an empty list result to store the combinations.
4. If the input string digits is empty, return an empty list result.
5. Call a recursive function generateCombinations to generate combinations for each digit.
6. Within the recursive function:
   • Base case: If the current combination length equals the length of the input digits, add the combination to the result list.
   • Recursive step: For the current digit, iterate over its corresponding letters and append each letter to the current combination, then recursively call the function with the next digit.
7. Return the result list containing all possible combinations.

Here’s the implementation:

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class Solution {
    private static final Map<Character, String> digitToLetters = new HashMap<>();
    static {
        digitToLetters.put('2', "abc");
        digitToLetters.put('3', "def");
        digitToLetters.put('4', "ghi");
        digitToLetters.put('5', "jkl");
        digitToLetters.put('6', "mno");
        digitToLetters.put('7', "pqrs");
        digitToLetters.put('8', "tuv");
        digitToLetters.put('9', "wxyz");
    }

    public List<String> letterCombinations(String digits) {
        List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
        if (digits.length() == 0) {
            return result;
        }
        generateCombinations(result, digits, "", 0);
        return result;
    }

    private void generateCombinations(List<String> result, String digits, String combination, int index) {
        if (index == digits.length()) {
            result.add(combination);
            return;
        }

        char digit = digits.charAt(index);
        String letters = digitToLetters.get(digit);
        for (char letter : letters.toCharArray()) {
            generateCombinations(result, digits, combination + letter, index + 1);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Solution solution = new Solution();

        // Test cases
        String digits1 = "23";
        System.out.println("Example 1 Output: " + solution.letterCombinations(digits1));

        String digits2 = "";
        System.out.println("Example 2 Output: " + solution.letterCombinations(digits2));

        String digits3 = "2";
        System.out.println("Example 3 Output: " + solution.letterCombinations(digits3));
    }
}

This implementation provides a solution to the Letter Combinations of a Phone Number problem in Java.

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